How to use a value from sub shell in parent shell

Question

I'm not used to linux scripting and this is the first time I'm working on it so I'm struggling with the following problem:

Code:

while [ $pct -gt 80 ]; do
    flag=1;
    ls -tr | while read file; do
        if [[ $file =~ .+\.log[0-9]+ ]]; then
            printf "File deleted:\n";
            stat $file; 
            rm -r $file;
            flag=1;
            break;
        else
            flag=0;
        fi;
    done;

    if [ $flag -eq 0]; then
        break;
    fi;

    pct= # get the new pct;
done;

The operation is to delete certain log files as captured by the above regular expression, in order of oldest files first and hence I'm using ls -tr. I'm iterating over the list of files using the while loop and if any file matches with the given regex, I'm deleting it. After every deletion I'm checking the percentage of the application file system used and if it is greater than 80% (as shown in outer while loop condition), I repeat the process.

Now often, even after deleting the files, the percentage used doesn't go below 80%, even though no files with the given regex pattern is left and I cannot delete the other remaining files in the same folder. So, it goes into an infinite loop and hence I'm trying to use a flag variable to break the infinite loop in such cases. However, since I'm using pipe to iterate over the files, it becomes a sub-shell or a child process and the flag variable is not available (updated value of flag from sub shell does not reflect in parent shell) in the parent process (it's what I read in an article about piping) and thus the infinite loop is never broken. Can anyone please suggest a fix around this or an alternate logic?

Answer 1

With zsh instead of bash:

while
  pct= # get the new pct

  (( pct > 80 )) &&
    oldest_log_file=( *.log<->(N.Om[1]) ) &&
    (( $#oldest_log_file ))
do
  print -r Removing $oldest_log_file
  rm -f -- $oldest_log_file
done

Or:

log_files_from_oldest_to_newest=( *.log<->(N.Om) )
while
  pct= # get the new pct

  (( pct > 80 )) &&
    (( $#log_files_from_oldest_to_newest ))
do
  print -r Removing $log_files_from_oldest_to_newest[1]
  rm -f -- $log_files_from_oldest_to_newest[1]
  shift 1 log_files_from_oldest_to_newest
done

Or:

zmodload zsh/stat
for log_file in *.log<->(N.Om); do
  pct= # get the new pct
  (( pct > 80 )) || break

  stat -F %FT%T%z -LH s -- $log_file || continue
  print -r Removing $log_file of size $s[size] last modified on $s[mtime]
  rm -f -- $log_file
done

Answer 2

Parsing ls is very fragile, and really not a good idea. However, if you are certain that your file names will never contain spaces, tabs, newlines (assuming an unmodified $IFS), nor glob pattern operators (*, ?, [ at least) and won't start with - and are not of type directory, you could do something like this:

#!/bin/bash
pct= # get the current pct
## are there any matching files?
files=( $(ls -tr *.log[0-9]* 2>/dev/null) );

## While pct is above the threshold and there is at least
## one file in the files array
while [[ $pct -gt 80 && ${#files[@]} -gt 0 ]]; do
    printf "Deleting file:\n%s\n" "$(stat -- "${files[0]}")"
    rm -- "${files[0]}"
    ## repopulate the files array
    files=( $(ls -tr *.log[0-9]* 2>/dev/null) );
    pct=85 # get the new pct;
done

The idea here is to store the file names in an array, and redefine the array after each deletion. Then, we make the loop run on two conditions: "are there any files left?" and "is the $pct under 80?", so it will stop when either of the conditions is no longer true.

Caveat1: This assumes you have no files named something like foo.log12bar, i.e. that you want to look at all files that contain the string .log followed by a number and don't want to avoid file names that have non-numerical characters after the first number.

Caveat2: as mentioned in the beginning, this will fail for file names with less usual names. See here for why parsing the output of ls is almost always a bad idea:

• https://mywiki.wooledge.org/ParsingLs
• Why *not* parse `ls` (and what to do instead)?

Answer 3

Try something like this:

#!/bin/bash

dir="/path/to/dir"

# read the matching files into array "$files"
mapfile -d '' files < <(find "$dir" -maxdepth 1 -type f -regex '.*\.log[0-9]+' -print0)

for f in "${files[@]}"; do
  # get the current percentage used of the filesystem
  pct=$(df --output=pcent "$dir" | awk -F'[ %]' 'NR==2 {print $2}')

  [ "$pct" -lt 80 ] && break
  rm "$f"
done

This keeps on deleting the matching files one at a time until either the current percentage used for the filesystem falls below 80% or until there are no more matching filenames (whichever comes first).

Note that this requires GNU df for the --output option.

For non-GNU df, the following will work if the device name ("Filesystem" column) doesn't contain any whitespace or % characters:

pct=$(df "$dir" | awk -F'[[:space:]]+|%' 'NR==2 {print $5}')

If the mount-point ("Mounted on" column) does contain whitespace, but doesn't contain a % character, you could use something like this instead:

pct=$(df "$dir" | awk '
        NR==2 {
          for (i=NF; i > 0; i--) { if ($i ~ /%/) {break} };
          sub("%","",$i);
          print $i
        }')

(yes, extracting data from df's output is harder than it seems at first glance, for pretty much the same reason why parsing ls is a bad idea )

---

If you need to sort the filenames by timestamp (so you can delete the oldest files first), you can use the method described in my answer to Shell Script to move oldest file from one directory to another directory. That would be something like:

mapfile -d '' files < <(
    find "$dir" -maxdepth 1 \
      -type f \
      -regex '.*\.log[0-9]+' \
      -printf '%C@\t%p\0' |
    sort -z -k1,1 -r -n |
    cut -z -f2
)

Note that this also requires the GNU versions of find, sort, and cut.

Answer 4

As you will note from the other fine answers, there are many different ways to do what you're attempting, so I won't throw another implementation on the pile.

Also disregarding for a moment that processing ls output has pitfalls.

The core of the question seems to be about getting the variable value to hold outside of the loop. As such, I think this is what you're looking for:

flag=foo
while read file; do
  echo "do stuff with $file"
  flag=bar
done < <(ls -tr) # preferably do something else to get your list
echo "$flag"