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So I have the following situation: I have a host that exhibits unexpected behavior when using ssh -t combined with tmux.

If I call ssh -t my-problem-host tmux non-ascii characters (e.g. ) are displayed as _. If I connect without calling tmux, there is no problem.

For example ssh -t my-problem-host bash followed by manually entering tmux is OK, while ssh -t my-problem-host bash tmux is not OK.

Other strange behavior outside of tmux: If I use ssh -t my-problem-host vim and enter a special character, I get the special character and a space. If I use ssh -t my-problem-host mc and type a special character, I get two questions ??.

I also have this problem only with a single host and would like to know what causes this and how this can be fixed. Essentially ssh -t seems to cause problems, the host seems to have a strange pseudo-terminal.

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The fix was to edit /etc/default/locale. It contained LANG=C. I changed it to LANG=en_US.UTF-8.

If I used ssh without -t, LANG was set for bash, but with -t LANG was set to C for another program such as tmux or vim.