I tried:
$ a=("-f" "apple" "c")
$ a+=("-e" "banana" "d")
$ echo "${a[@]}"
-f apple c -e banana d
$ a=("-e" "apple" "c")
$ a+=("-e" "banana" "d")
$ echo "${a[@]}"
apple c -e banana d
Can someone explain why the second output is not -e apple c -e banana d (why is -e missing)?