If mount sdc2 partition using mount -t ext4 -o ro /dev/sdc2 /mnt/bob2 then try to write file tihi 1.txt with command (of course unsuccessfully):
touch /mnt/bob2/ tihi 1.txt
When I do md5sum /dev/sdc2/, I get a different md5 hash (changed) than before, although my partition is read-only, I don't know why.