I can specify the default font family used to display a particular language in X by editing .fonts.conf in my user directory (or editing the global /etc/fonts/fonts.conf). However, I've not been able to force a particular font size in the same way.
For example, the following forces the Russian language to be displayed in Linux Libertine:
<fontconfig>
<match>
<test name="lang">
<string>rus</string>
</test>
<edit mode="prepend" name="family">
<string>Linux Libertine</string>
</edit>
</match>
</fontconfig>
I have tried adding the following XML tag, but it does not work:
<edit mode="assign" name="size">
<int>18</int>
</edit>