If you have X forwarding and the ability to install (or compile) your own programs, try running xwrited to turn wall messages into desktop notifications.
If your UNIX box is running a traditional init (System V or BSD), you can look for the shutdown process using ps:
ps aux | grep shutdown
However, when running systemd, the timer is implemented in the logind.service, so ps won't help. You may be able to find out if there is a shutdown scheduled by looking in the file /run/systemd/shutdown/scheduled:
$ cat /run/systemd/shutdown/scheduled
USEC=1511457755542032
WARN_WALL=1
MODE=poweroff
WALL_MESSAGE=System going down for scheduled maintenance
To convert from microseconds to a reasonable date, you can use gawk:
$ awk -F= '/USEC/ {print strftime("%c", $2/1E6)}' < /var/run/systemd/shutdown/scheduled
Thu 23 Nov 2017 10:03:21 AM CET
However, note that some versions of systemd do not delete the file when a shutdown is canceled. (The version I tried, 232, leaves the file hanging around after shutdown -c).