dput-ng is using python-paramiko, which is not using the OpenSSH (therefore the ~/.ssh/config changes are not reflected -- out of the question is also the hints to disable strict host key checking when it is your only way to verify you are connecting to the host you think). But it is using the OpenSSH known hosts store, so you should be able to download the server host keys using ssh-keyscan, verify them manually, store them into this store and then connect without any problems:
$ ssh-keyscan ppa.launchpad.net
# ppa.launchpad.net:22 SSH-2.0-Twisted
ppa.launchpad.net ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEA0aKz5UTUndYgIGG7dQBV+HaeuEZJ2xPHo2DS2iSKvUL4xNMSAY4UguNW+pX56nAQmZKIZZ8MaEvSj6zMEDiq6HFfn5JcTlM80UwlnyKe8B8p7Nk06PPQLrnmQt5fh0HmEcZx+JU9TZsfCHPnX7MNz4ELfZE6cFsclClrKim3BHUIGq//t93DllB+h4O9LHjEUsQ1Sr63irDLSutkLJD6RXchjROXkNirlcNVHH/jwLWR5RcYilNX7S5bIkK8NlWPjsn/8Ua5O7I9/YoE97PpO6i73DTGLh5H9JN/SITwCKBkgSDWUt61uPK3Y11Gty7o2lWsBjhBUm2Y38CBsoGmBw==
and paste the line to the ~/.ssh/known_hosts. Shortcut:
$ ssh-keyscan ppa.launchpad.net >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts
Then you should be able to connect without any problems.