If I run debootstrap in with sudo I get the following output:
I: Retrieving InRelease
I: Failed to retrieve InRelease
I: Retrieving Release
E: Failed getting release file http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/xenial/Release
If I run the command directly as root, all seems well and the chroot will be built perfectly.
On my local machine I'm also able to build the chroot with sudo. The difference is the configured proxy. I guess that debootstrap doesn't use the proxy if I run it with sudo?