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I know that ${var} and $var does the same thing. I also know that you can use brace for advanced options like ${var:=word} or ${var#pattern}. It's also explained here.

But I see in some bash scripts the use of braces in the simplest form : ${var} and sometimes I see only this notation $var.

Is there any reason to prefer this syntax over the simple $var as it does the same thing ? Is it for portability ? Is it a coding style ?

As a conscientious developer, which syntax I should use ?

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Nairolf21
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2 Answers2

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It is for the sake of clarity. As pointed out by arzyfex, there is a difference between ${foo}_bar and $foo_bar. Always use braces, and you will never make that mistake. Also note that you need the braces if you wish to refer to positional parameters with more than one digit, e.g. ${11}.

Michael Vehrs
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    Whether to use `{...}` or not is a cosmetic matter (I personally find it clutters scripts when not necessary), and when they are needed and you forget them, that's an error you would detect at _authoring_ time. In comparison, forgetting quotes around variables is a mistake and an error you don't always detect at _authoring_ time, but your users at run time. I find it exasperating when people go all the trouble of adding those `{}` when they are not necessary but forget to quote. IOW, `rm ${file}` is wrong, whether to use `rm -- "$file"` or `rm -- "${file}"` is a cosmetic choice. – Stéphane Chazelas Jun 09 '16 at 11:33
  • Good point about `${11}` (though it's not needed in all shells (not in zsh, csh, tcsh)). Also note that `${foo}_bar` can also be written `"$foo"_bar` or `$foo''_bar` or `$foo\_bar` (I'd still prefer `"${foo}_bar"`). – Stéphane Chazelas Jun 09 '16 at 11:35
  • In `csh`, `tcsh` or `zsh` you also need it before a `:` to prevent history modifiers (`${var}:h` as otherwise `$var:h` would mean the _head_ of `$var`). – Stéphane Chazelas Jun 09 '16 at 11:38
  • @StéphaneChazelas Yes, I suppose I should not assume that everyone uses `bash`. As you say, there are various methods of indicating the **end of the variable name**, but I prefer curly braces. I find them more clear and more consistent than the alternatives, since they are used for various types of complex parameter expansions, including arrays. – Michael Vehrs Jun 09 '16 at 11:45
  • Thank you @MichaelVehrs for you answer. I doubt I could make the mistake to write `$foo_bar` instead of `"$foo"_bar`， so I think I will still use the simplest form `$foo`. Obviously, quoting variables is the most important, and it's really clear in my mind. – Nairolf21 Jun 09 '16 at 18:05
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{} is known as brace expansion. ${} is known as variable expansion. Variables are declared and assigned without $ and without {}. You have to use

foo=50

to assign. In order to read from the variable (in other words, 'expand' the variable), you must use $.

$foo      // use the variable
${foo}    // same as above
${foo}bar // expand foo, and append "bar" too
$foobar   // same as ${foobar}, i.e expand a variable called foobar, if it exists.

This has confused me sometimes - in other languages we refer to the variable in the same way, regardless of whether it's on the left or right of an assignment. But shell-scripting is different, $foo=50 doesn't do what you might think it does!

Braces are also used to execute a sequence of commands in the current shell context, e.g.

$ { date; top -b -n1 | head ; } >logfile 
# 'date' and 'top' output are concatenated, 

$ { date; make 2>&1; date; } | tee logfile
# now we can calculate the duration of a build from the logfile
Rahul
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