On my Debian system I've customized my Gnome (Shell) keyboard shortcuts, via System Settings > Keyboard > Shortcuts.
Where do I find the file with these settings so that I can copy the file onto a flash drive for backup and then use it to replace the keyboard shortcuts on other Gnome systems?
Gnome 3 uses DCONF to store the preferences in a single binary file: ~/.config/dconf/user.
As per the Gnome docs, it is recommended to save only the settings that you need and restore them with either dconf or gsettings. However, gsettings is only able to restore the value(s) for one single key at a time (plus, the value must be quoted) and that makes it a bit awkward for this kind of task. Which leaves us with dconf.
So, in this particular case, save the current settings for gnome-shell keyboard shortcuts1:
dconf dump /org/gnome/shell/keybindings/ > bkp
Here's a bkp sample:
[/]
toggle-message-tray=['<Super>m']
open-application-menu=['<Super>F1']
toggle-application-view=['<Control>F1']
focus-active-notification=['<Super>n']
toggle-recording=['<Control><Shift><Alt>r']
Load the settings on another system:
dconf load /org/gnome/shell/keybindings/ < bkp
1: WM and Media Keys shortcuts belong to different schemas:
/org/gnome/desktop/wm/keybindings/
/org/gnome/mutter/keybindings/
/org/gnome/mutter/wayland/keybindings/
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/
Note that dconf only dumps non-default values so if you run e.g.
dconf dump /org/gnome/desktop/wm/keybindings/
and don't get any output that means there's no custom WM shortcut defined.
As a side note, dconf-editor is a tool that helps visualizing dconf settings structure, i.e. schema [:path] key value, the type and the default values of any key etc.
For the record, saving the preferences with gsettings:
gsettings list-recursively org.gnome.shell.keybindings > bkp
bkp sample:
org.gnome.shell.keybindings focus-active-notification ['<Super>n']
org.gnome.shell.keybindings open-application-menu ['<Super>F1']
org.gnome.shell.keybindings toggle-application-view ['<Super>a']
org.gnome.shell.keybindings toggle-message-tray ['<Super>m']
org.gnome.shell.keybindings toggle-recording ['<Control><Shift><Alt>r']
Now loading the preferences (as I said, for each line in the backup file you need a separate command and don't forget to quote the values):
gsettings set org.gnome.shell.keybindings focus-active-notification "['<Super>n']"
gsettings set org.gnome.shell.keybindings open-application-menu "['<Super>F1']"
gsettings set org.gnome.shell.keybindings toggle-application-view "['<Super>a']"
gsettings set org.gnome.shell.keybindings toggle-message-tray "['<Super>m']"
gsettings set org.gnome.shell.keybindings toggle-recording "['<Control><Shift><Alt>r']"
You can save/backup/export custom shortcuts/keybindings using just dconf and sed
dconf dump / | sed -n '/\[org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys/,/^$/p' > custom-shortcuts.conf # Export
The difference with the usual answer is that this will hold on the file the path to the dconf settings, making it easier to import, just dconf load / < file.
dconf load / < custom-shortcuts.conf # Import
Based on Ciro's answer (also here)
Only for the added custom shortcuts
Note that dconf only dumps non-default values
To backup, you may want to use custom-shortcuts-$(date -I).conf
Test if it works by resetting to defaults before the import
gsettings reset-recursively org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys
Search for keybindings like so:
gsettings list-recursively | grep keybindings
Set a keybinding like so:
org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings close "['<Alt>F5']"
Note that keyboard tweaks overlapping bindings will break the latter. For instance, switch-applications-backward ['<Alt><Shift>Tab'] will be overridden by layout switch "Left Alt" + "Left Shift", so that ['<Left Alt><Left Shift>Tab'] will not work, where as ['<Left Alt><Right Shift>Tab'] will.
Setting keybinding for layout switch like so gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-input-source "['<Shift>Alt', '<Super>space']" or gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-input-source "['<Alt>Shift', '<Super>space']" does not make it work.
Gnome v3.28.1
A script to backup keyboard shortcuts in Ubuntu 20.04 that was developed from looking at above answers (Thank you everyone!)
It saves a series of .conf files and also generates a restore.sh. The resulting folder can be copied to a new computer and used to setup shortcuts.
#!/bin/bash
set -e
SCRIPT_DIR="$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" &> /dev/null && pwd )"
export DCONF_DUMP="$SCRIPT_DIR/dconf-dump"
echo "Backing up keyboard shortcuts to $DCONF_DUMP ..."
mkdir -p $DCONF_DUMP
export RESTORE_SCRIPT="$DCONF_DUMP/restore.sh"
echo '#!/bin/bash
# Auto-generated script to restore shortcuts
set -e
SCRIPT_DIR="$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" &> /dev/null && pwd )"
' > $RESTORE_SCRIPT
# Build this list by looking at output from: gsettings list-recursively | grep keybindings
for ELEM in desktop/wm/keybindings mutter/keybindings mutter/wayland/keybindings settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys
do
export OUTPUT_FILE="$DCONF_DUMP/$ELEM.conf"
export ORIGIN="/org/gnome/$ELEM/"
export PARENT=$(dirname $OUTPUT_FILE)
mkdir -p $PARENT
dconf dump $ORIGIN > "$OUTPUT_FILE"
export INPUT_FILE="$ELEM.conf"
echo "dconf load $ORIGIN < \$SCRIPT_DIR/$INPUT_FILE" >> $RESTORE_SCRIPT
done
