To do this is in more systematic filtered way ...
If you just (initially) want a list of the schemas that have been installed (to answer the question has a particular schema been installed) the following works with more recent openldap slapd setup with the internal config facility (so there is no slapd.conf to look at)
ldapsearch -b "cn=schema,cn=config" -H ldapi:/// -LLL -Q -Y EXTERNAL dn
dn: cn=schema,cn=config
dn: cn={0}core,cn=schema,cn=config
dn: cn={1}cosine,cn=schema,cn=config
dn: cn={2}nis,cn=schema,cn=config
dn: cn={3}inetorgperson,cn=schema,cn=config
dn: cn={4}openssh,cn=schema,cn=config
dn: cn={5}samba,cn=schema,cn=config
dn: cn={6}ldapns,cn=schema,cn=config
Then to see the details of the schema (including objectClasses), prepend the name of the schema to the query base, eg to see the openssh schema (which happened to be the fourth one added to the server), and omit the dn filter parameter
ldapsearch -b "cn={4}openssh,cn=schema,cn=config" -H ldapi:/// -LLL -Q -Y EXTERNAL
dn: cn={4}openssh,cn=schema,cn=config
objectClass: olcSchemaConfig
cn: {4}openssh
olcAttributeTypes: {0}( 1.3.6.1.4.1.24552.500.1.1.1.13 NAME 'sshPublicKey' DES
C 'MANDATORY: OpenSSH Public key' EQUALITY octetStringMatch SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.
1.1466.115.121.1.40 )
olcObjectClasses: {0}( 1.3.6.1.4.1.24552.500.1.1.2.0 NAME 'ldapPublicKey' DESC
'MANDATORY: OpenSSH LPK objectclass' SUP top AUXILIARY MAY (sshPublicKey $
uid ) )