Most Popular

1500 questions
90
votes
10 answers

How to assign a string value to a variable over multiple lines while indented?

The issue: I need to assign a variable a value that is decently long. All the lines of my script must be under a certain number of columns. So, I am trying to assign it using more than one line. It's simple to do without indents: VAR="This…
JamesL
  • 1,260
  • 1
  • 13
  • 19
90
votes
11 answers

Execute a specific command in a given directory without cd'ing to it?

Is there a way to execute a command in a different directory without having to cd to it? I know that I could simply cd in and cd out, but I'm just interested in the possibilities of forgoing the extra steps :)
Naftuli Kay
  • 38,686
  • 85
  • 220
  • 311
90
votes
3 answers

What happens when I run the command cat /proc/cpuinfo?

What happens when I write cat /proc/cpuinfo. Is that a named pipe (or something else) to the OS which reads the CPU info on the fly and generate that text each time I call it?
slm
  • 363,520
  • 117
  • 767
  • 871
90
votes
8 answers

Colors in Man Pages

When I look at a man page in my 'console' (not an xterm) I see some coloration, but I don't get this in my xterm's (e.g. konsole) is there any way I can enable this? hopefully a fairly simple solution?
xenoterracide
  • 57,918
  • 74
  • 184
  • 250
90
votes
4 answers

What are the responsibilities of each Pseudo-Terminal (PTY) component (software, master side, slave side)?

I am trying to figure out how a tty works1 (the workflow and responsibilities of each element). I have read several interesting articles about it, but there are still some blurry areas. This is what I understand so far: The emulated terminal makes…
Pierre-Jean
  • 2,229
  • 1
  • 15
  • 18
90
votes
6 answers

Why does `ESC` move the cursor back in vim?

In vim, when I hit ESC to return to command mode, the cursor moves one character to the left. This is not what I would hope for, occasional I immediately hit l to move back to that spot, perhaps to delete a character. Is there a reason for this…
Eric Wilson
  • 4,622
  • 9
  • 32
  • 43
90
votes
1 answer

Command history in Zsh

How does Zsh keep track of command history? I see two files in my home directory: .zhistory and .zsh_history. What is the difference between them? The files seem to contain all of my history. Does Zsh keep appending lines to one of them forever?…
Amelio Vazquez-Reina
  • 40,169
  • 77
  • 197
  • 294
90
votes
7 answers

How to avoid password prompt with rsync (and without using public keys)?

I need to execute rsync, without it prompting me for password. I've seen in rsync manpage that it doesn't allow specifying the password as command line argument. But I noticed that it allows specifying the password via the variable…
Dor
  • 2,445
  • 7
  • 33
  • 32
89
votes
3 answers

scp and compress at the same time, no intermediate save

What is the canonical way to: scp a file to a remote location compress the file in transit (tar or not, single file or whole folder, 7za or something else even more efficient) do the above without saving intermediate files I am familiar with shell…
Robottinosino
  • 5,271
  • 12
  • 39
  • 51
89
votes
5 answers

In bash, is it possible to use an integer variable in a brace expansion

I have the following bash script: #!/bin/bash upperlim=10 for i in {0..10} do echo $i done for i in {0..$upperlim} do echo $i done The first for loop (without the variable upperlim in the loop control) works fine, but the second for loop (with…
Andrew
  • 16,315
  • 34
  • 73
  • 77
89
votes
13 answers

Tips for remembering the order of parameters for ln?

I have used ln to write symbolic links for years but I still get the order of parameters the wrong away around. This usually has me writing: ln -s a b and then looking at the output to remind myself. I always imagine to be a -> b as I read it when…
Zhro
  • 2,495
  • 4
  • 28
  • 45
89
votes
3 answers

What do the "buff/cache" and "avail mem" fields in top mean?

Within the output of top, there are two fields, marked "buff/cache" and "avail Mem" in the memory and swap usage lines: What do these two fields mean? I've tried Googling them, but the results only bring up generic articles on top, and they don't…
user48923
89
votes
6 answers

How do I quit from vi?

I'm new to vi. I started vi on my Ubuntu machine and I can't quit. I see the editor and I can write text, at the bottom line there is a label "recording". How do I quit the vi editor?
Jonas
  • 1,593
  • 4
  • 19
  • 22
89
votes
6 answers

How to exit a shell script if one part of it fails?

How can I write a shell script that exits, if one part of it fails? For example, if the following code snippet fails, then the script should exit. n=0 until [ $n -ge 5 ] do gksu *command* && break n=$[$n+1] sleep 3
Weylyn
  • 915
  • 1
  • 6
  • 3
89
votes
5 answers

How to recursively remove execute permissions from files without touching folders?

I made a backup to an NTFS drive, and well, this backup really proved necessary. However, the NTFS drive messed up permissions. I'd like to restore them to normal w/o manually fixing each and every file. One problem is that suddenly all my text…
gaazkam
  • 1,400
  • 3
  • 10
  • 17