Most Popular

1500 questions
427
votes
16 answers

In Bash, when to alias, when to script and when to write a function?

Noone should need 10 years for asking this question, like I did. If I were just starting out with Linux, I'd want to know: When to alias, when to script and when to write a function? Where aliases are concerned, I use aliases for very simple…
ixtmixilix
  • 13,040
  • 27
  • 82
  • 118
420
votes
18 answers

How do I change the extension of multiple files?

I would like to change a file extension from *.txt to *.text. I tried using the basename command, but I'm having trouble changing more than one file. Here's my code: files=`ls -1 *.txt` for x in $files do mv $x "`basename $files…
afbr1201
  • 4,529
  • 5
  • 22
  • 18
420
votes
3 answers

What are the shell's control and redirection operators?

I often see tutorials online that connect various commands with different symbols. For example: command1 | command2 command1 & command2 command1 || command2 command1 && command2 Others seem to be connecting commands to files: command1 >…
terdon
  • 234,489
  • 66
  • 447
  • 667
414
votes
2 answers

How to list keys added to ssh-agent with ssh-add?

How and where can I check what keys have been added with ssh-add to my ssh-agent?
Patryk
  • 13,556
  • 22
  • 53
  • 61
413
votes
2 answers

Compress a folder with tar?

I'm trying to compress a folder (/var/www/) to ~/www_backups/$time.tar where $time is the current date. This is what I have: cd /var/www && sudo tar -czf ~/www_backups $time" I am completely lost and I've been at this for hours now. Not sure if…
qwerty
  • 4,271
  • 5
  • 16
  • 13
412
votes
15 answers

What are the pros and cons of Vim and Emacs?

How would you compare these editors? What are the pros and cons of each? [note] This is not meant to be answered by those who "hate one and love another" or those who haven't used both.
John Berryman
  • 735
  • 5
  • 9
  • 17
410
votes
13 answers

How can I find broken symlinks

Is there a way to find all symbolic links that don't point anywere? find ./ -type l will give me all symbolic links, but makes no distinction between links that go somewhere and links that don't. I'm currently doing: find ./ -type l -exec file…
gabe.
  • 11,644
  • 11
  • 44
  • 58
409
votes
17 answers

How to do integer & float calculations, in bash or other languages/frameworks?

Using echo "20+5" literally produces the text "20+5". What command can I use to get the numeric sum, 25 in this case? Also, what's the easiest way to do it just using bash for floating point? For example, echo $((3224/3807.0)) prints 0 :(. I am…
Michael Durrant
  • 41,213
  • 69
  • 165
  • 232
408
votes
20 answers

GPU usage monitoring (CUDA)

I installed CUDA toolkit on my computer and started BOINC project on GPU. In BOINC I can see that it is running on GPU, but is there a tool that can show me more details about that what is running on GPU - GPU usage and memory usage?
pbm
  • 24,747
  • 6
  • 36
  • 51
408
votes
8 answers

Remove all files/directories except for one file

I have a directory containing a large number of files. I want to delete all files except for file.txt . How do I do this? There are too many files to remove the unwanted ones individually and their names are too diverse to use * to remove them all…
Kantura
  • 4,555
  • 4
  • 14
  • 12
404
votes
13 answers

How can I get the size of a file in a bash script?

How can I get the size of a file in a bash script? How do I assign this to a bash variable so I can use it later?
haunted85
  • 4,201
  • 2
  • 15
  • 9
403
votes
5 answers

Does curl have a timeout?

So far I couldn't find anything really, but is it true that curl doesn't really time out at all? user@host:~# curl http://localhost/testdir/image.jpg I'm asking because I'm redirecting any request for images in testdir to a separate Apache module…
Preexo
  • 4,613
  • 4
  • 19
  • 21
403
votes
14 answers

How to know whether Wayland or X11 is being used

I just installed the latest Kali Linux on my laptop which was based on Debian 7 (oldstable). I then dist-upgrad-ed the whole thing to Debian 8. I've always wanted Wayland instead of X11, so I installed the necessary packages. Then created a minimal…
Dehbop
  • 4,259
  • 3
  • 11
  • 7
401
votes
18 answers

How can I prevent 'grep' from showing up in ps results?

When I search for some process that doesn't exist, e.g. $ ps aux | grep fnord wayne 15745 0.0 0.0 13580 928 pts/6 S+ 03:58 0:00 grep fnord Obviously I don't care about grep - that makes as much sense as…
Wayne Werner
  • 11,463
  • 8
  • 29
  • 43
401
votes
9 answers

How to get over "device or resource busy"?

I tried to rm -rf a folder, and got "device or resource busy". In Windows, I would have used LockHunter to resolve this. What's the linux equivalent? (Please give as answer a simple "unlock this" method, and not complete articles like this one.…
ripper234
  • 31,063
  • 43
  • 82
  • 90